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2018
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01
Planting Distribution and Production of Peanut in Shandong Province
Shandong Province is a major peanut producing province in China. I learned 308 peanut seed manufacturers that from 1996 to 2000, the average annual planting area was 835300 hm, the unit yield was 3694.82 k9/hm, and the total output was 3.0863 million tons. The area and total output account for 21.2 per cent and 26.27 per cent of the country's total, respectively. Peanut cultivation throughout the province, mainly distributed in the hills of Jiaodong, Shandong and Luxi, Lubei plain area. The soil for planting peanuts is mostly coarse sand and gravel soil weathered from granite and gneiss and alluvial sand from rivers. The main soil types in the province are fluvo-aquic soil, brown soil, cinnamon soil, sand ginger black
Shandong Province is a major peanut producing province in China. I learned 308 peanut seed manufacturers that from 1996 to 2000, the average annual planting area was 835300 hm, the unit yield was 3694.82 k9/hm, and the total output was 3.0863 million tons. The area and total output account for 21.2 per cent and 26.27 per cent of the country's total, respectively.
Peanut cultivation throughout the province, mainly distributed in the hills of Jiaodong, Shandong and Luxi, Lubei plain area. The soil for planting peanuts is mostly coarse sand and gravel soil weathered from granite and gneiss and alluvial sand from rivers. The main soil types in the province are fluvo-aquic soil, brown soil, cinnamon soil, shajiang black soil and saline soil, of which fluvo-aquic soil accounts for 39.5 per cent of the total arable land, brown soil accounts for 29.2 per cent, cinnamon soil accounts for 21.2 per cent, shajiang black soil accounts for 4.5 per cent, and saline soil accounts for 3.9 per cent.
The soil nutrient status of the whole province is generally low organic matter content, nitrogen deficiency, serious phosphorus deficiency and trace element deficiency. The nutrient of peanut field tends to be lower.
The annual average temperature of the whole province is 12~14 ℃, the number of days during the period of ≥ 15 ℃ is about 150 d, and the frost-free period is 180~220 d. The average accumulated temperature ≥ 0 ℃ is 42005100 ℃, the hottest month in the whole province is generally in July, the daily average temperature is mostly 24~26 ℃, and the hottest month in eastern Jiaodong Peninsula occurs in August.
The average annual precipitation in the whole province is 550~950mm, the relative variability is 15Y0 ~ 20%, and the absolute variability is above 100 mm in all parts of the province. The average annual precipitation during peanut growth period in major flower-producing districts and counties (cities) is mostly 500700mm, but the distribution is very uneven, the relative variability of seasons and months is very large, and droughts and floods occur from time to time. Generally, spring (March-May) is less than 50-120mm, summer (June-August) is more than 300-600mm, and September is more than 80mm, with an average of more than 80mm. The province has sufficient light, the annual sunshine hours are 2300~2900 h, and the annual sunshine percentage is 50% ~ 65%. The total annual solar radiation is between 481 and 544 kJ/(cm-year), and the total solar radiation in the peanut growing season is the highest in May and June, 54 to 67 kJ/(cm_year), 42 to 58.6 kJ/(cm2-year) in July and August, and 42 kJ/(cm-year) in September. The physiological radiation is 117~150 kJ/cm during the annual mean temperature ≥ 15 ℃.
The peanut varieties cultivated in the whole province were mainly ordinary large peanuts in the 1950 s, pearl bean varieties in the 1960 s and 1970 s, intermediate large peanuts since the 1980 s, and some of them were ordinary varieties and pearl bean varieties. The cultivation system is 60% two-year three-cropping system and 40% one-year two-cropping system.
According to the province's natural conditions and peanut distribution, peanut concentrated in three production areas.
1. The hilly area of Jiaodong mainly includes all of Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai and some counties (cities) of Weifang. It is the main peanut producing area in Shandong Province. The cultivation area accounts for nearly 40% of the total area of the province, and the total output accounts for 42% of the total output of the province. Mainly spring peanuts, part of the wheat field intercropping peanuts.
2. The southern mountainous area of Luzhong includes all of Linyi and Rizhao and parts of Tai'an, Jining, Zibo and Jinan. The cultivation area and total output account for about 30% of the total area and total output of the province. The soil types for peanut cultivation in 222 are complex, including mountain terraces, riverbed sandy land and windy sandy land. Mainly spring peanuts, part of wheat field intercropping and summer direct seeding peanuts.
3. The sandy soil areas of the Yellow River in the west and north of Shandong include all the cities (regions) of Liaocheng, Heze, Dezhou, Jinan, Binzhou and some areas of Zibo, Jining, Zaozhuang and other cities. The counties (cities) planting peanuts mainly include Shen County, Guanxian, Yanggu, Juancheng, Shan County, Juye, Dongming, Cao County, Dongchangfu District, Huimin, Yangxin, Qihe, Qiming, etc. The cultivation system is mostly a one-year two-cropping system, with wheat sets and summer direct seeding peanuts.
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Junan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, China
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