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2024
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Let me share with you the planting techniques of peanuts
Apply plantar fertilizer. For peanut fields with a yield of 300-400kg per mu, the base fertilizer is generally controlled by applying 2000kg of soil residue fertilizer, 20-30kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, and about 15kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate per mu. Before soil preparation, the base fertilizer is evenly spread and turned into the tillage layer.
Peanut is one of the main oil crops in China, and it is also a cash crop. It often appears on our table, snack industry and so on. Peanut adaptability is very strong, can be planted in different soil, whether poor soil or fertile soil, peanuts can grow very well, the following is to introduce the peanut planting technology, hoping to help you.
1. Apply plantar fertilizer. For peanut fields with a yield of 300-400kg per mu, the base fertilizer is generally controlled by applying 2000kg of soil residue fertilizer, 20-30kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, and about 15kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate per mu. Before soil preparation, the base fertilizer is evenly spread and turned into the tillage layer.
2. Leveling the land. The quality requirement of soil preparation is higher than that of open field peanut field. It is required that the compartment surface be smooth and free of weeds, roots, coarse clods and other debris that may puncture the mulch. According to the width of plastic film, the compartment is generally ridged at 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge surface width is 150cm, 2 rows of peanuts are sown, the row spacing is 25-30cm, covered with 80cm wide plastic film, or the compartment can be opened at 200cm, the compartment surface width is 180cm, and 6-7 rows of peanuts are sown. When preparing the floor and opening the compartment, pay attention to opening the drainage ditch, and the compartment surface shall not accumulate water.
3, selected varieties. It is advisable to choose varieties of Zhonghua No. 5 with early and medium maturity, large fruit type, high yield potential and excellent quality. For edible or processed food, choose varieties of Zhonghua No. 7 with early maturity, medium fruit type and good taste quality. Hilly sandy land; Peanut continuous cropping cultivation, bacterial wilt epidemic area, should choose resistant varieties such as Zhonghua No. 6. Before sowing, the germinated, discolored and mildewed seeds shall be removed, and the seeds shall be mixed with ammonium molybdate, and 2 grams of ammonium molybdate shall be mixed with 1 kilogram of peanut seeds.
4, timely sowing and reasonable dense planting. The sowing date of spring film mulching cultivated peanuts is about 10-15 days earlier than that of local open field sowing. Soil moisture must be sufficient at the time of sowing. Sowing depth of 3-4cm is appropriate. The density should depend on the soil fertility and varieties. For plots with generally good fertility, there should be about 18000 plants at 9000 holes per mu for medium-maturity large-grain peanuts and about 10,000-11,000 holes per mu for medium-early-maturity medium-grain peanuts, reaching 20,000-22,000 plants, which should be basically controlled at 15 × 27cm (ridge cultivation). Sow the seeds and cover the soil, so that the compartment surface is smooth and easy to cover the film.
5, spraying herbicide. After sowing and covering the soil, 150g of 72% dur emulsion or 48% lasso emulsion is used per mu, 50kg of water is added, and the foot compartment surface is evenly sprayed.
6. Cover the micromembrane. Cover the film immediately after spraying the herbicide. The edge of the film shall be compacted with fine soil to make the film flat and tight to prevent the strong wind from breaking the film. Where there is a crack in the mulched film, be sure to seal the break with fine soil.
7. Break the membrane and release the seedlings. Peanuts will emerge one after another 10-15 days after sowing. When the cotyledons are unearthed and opened, or when the cotyledons are not unearthed but the true leaves are visible, the plastic film should be opened with fingers or blades facing the seedlings in a zigzag shape to lead the seedlings out of the film, and then the film opening should be sealed with fine soil. Opening seedlings should not be too late, especially to prevent the high temperature in the film when the sun is strong.
8, clear tree squatting seedlings. Peanuts should be cleared when the seedlings are neat. The clearing has three functions: to remove weeds around the sowing hole; The branches that have not grown film are pulled out by hand; The nests that are too deep and too shallow to emerge are counted out so as to facilitate timely germination and replanting to ensure the whole seedlings. The membrane opening can be sealed again in the process of tree clearing.
9, control the long. Film mulched peanut high-yield fields, due to better water and fertilizer conditions, early growth and development of fast, medium-term growth, the initial pod is prone to the phenomenon of over-growth. For peanuts sown at the end of March or the beginning of April in our province, if the average pitch of 8-12 nodes of the lateral branches reaches 10cm, the plant height and the lateral branch length exceed 40cm, 50g of paclobutrazol and 50kg of water shall be sprayed during the period from June 5 to 25, but spraying on the fruit needles shall be avoided. Spray the control again every 7-10 days for fields with severe overgrowth trend.
10. Disease prevention and leaf protection in the middle and late stages of growth. According to the occurrence of local diseases, the flowering period can be alternately sprayed with Bordeaux liquid and carbendazim 3-5 times every 10-15 days to control leaf diseases (leaf spot and rust). The fields with premature senescence can be sprayed with 0.2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2 times on the leaf surface to prolong the functional period of the leaves. Pay attention to timely harvest and remove the residual film in the field.
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Junan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province, China
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